The myth of Jesus Panthera

by
PTET, May 2002

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Introduction

This page examines the myth that Jesus Christ was the illegitimate son of a Roman Legionary.

Readers may also be interested in my discussion on
The myth of the "Virgin Birth" as a fulfillment of prophecy.


Jesus as the son of a Roman Legionary

The earliest record of this story appears to be in lost writings from the second century pagan Celsus (c. 175-180 CE).

These were recorded by the early Church father Origen (c. 185-232 CE):
"But let us now return to where the Jew is introduced [Celsus], speaking of the mother of Jesus, and saying that "when she was pregnant she was turned out of doors by the carpenter to whom she had been betrothed, as having been guilty of adultery, and that she bore a child to a certain soldier named Panthera; "and let us see whether those who have blindly concocted these fables about the adultery of the Virgin with Panthera, and her rejection by the carpenter, did not invent these stories to overturn His miraculous conception by the Holy Ghost: for they could have falsified the history in a different manner, on account of its extremely miraculous character, and not have admitted, as it were against their will, that Jesus was born of no ordinary human marriage." - Origen Against Celsus 1:Chapter XXXII
The story was repeated by Porphyry Malchus (c. 233-309 CE):
"To counter the reports of Jesus' illegitimacy more than to secure his divine stature, his mother was declared the recipient of a singular divine honor: Jesus was the son of Mary - a virgin - "through the holy spirit" (Matthew 1:20). As is typical of his writing, Matthew comes closest to revealing the argumentative purpose of his birth story and its links to Jewish polemic against Christian belief in his reference to Joseph's suspicion of Mary's pregnancy (Matthew 1:19). He is also careful in the birth story and elsewhere to provide evidence and proofs from the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew bible - as a running narrative. " Quoted at Porphyry's Against the Christians, p122, The Literary Remains, R. Joseph Hoffman, Oxford University Press 1994
It is worth quoting the relevant Bible passages:
"Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of James, and Joses, and of Juda, and Simon? and are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended at him." [Mark 6:3]

"And he answered them, saying, Who is my mother, or my brethren? And he looked round about on them which sat about him, and said, Behold my mother and my brethren!" [Mark 3:33-34]

"Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily. But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost." [Matthew 1:19-20]

Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. [John 8:41]
Celsus is generally regarded to have taken his story from Jewish tradition which supposedly survives today in the Talmud's "Sepher Toldoth Jeshu". However, it is unclear whether this refers to Jesus Christ at all:
"It seems clear by now that there is no consensus whether Jesus is mentioned at all in the Talmud. Most of the supposed "blasphemies" of Jesus and Mary in the Talmud do not refer to them at all. However, there can be no denying, and no rabbi would deny this, that the authors of the Talmud did not believe in Jesus' messiahship or his divinity. If you are looking for Christian fellowship then Jewish literature is not the place to look. However, there is no basis at all to state unequivocably that the Talmud calls Jesus a bastard or that Mary was a prostitute who had sex with many men. As has been shown, those passages definitely do not refer to Jesus." The Jesus Narrative In The Talmud, by Gil Student

Conclusion

There appears to be nothing to substantiate the myth that Jesus Christ was the illegitimate son of a Roman legionary.

Readers may also be interested in my discussion on The myth of the "Virgin Birth" as a fulfillment of prophecy.

(Please contact me with any comments or further information.)

PTET

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